Spain

Spain scores 64.1 (Moderate) on the Trust Gap Structural Index and 48.7 (Critical) on the Relational Index, producing a Trust Gap of +15.4 points. The country is classified in the Polarised Democracy quadrant of the Trust Gap framework. Moderate institutions with significant relational strain. Democratic stress is present. The Structural score of 64.1 reflects governance effectiveness, political stability, rule of law, and economic mobility. The Relational score of 48.7 reflects citizen trust in government, social cohesion, media health, and civic participation. The positive Trust Gap of +15.4 points indicates institutional performance materially exceeds the level of public trust — a pattern associated with democratic disengagement risk.